The only revolution I like is the marginal revolution我回复他,“但一些经济思想史学家认为,边际革命不是一场革命。”当然,我不是说边际革命没有革命性的意义——任何经济学生都不会这么说——我是说它并不是一场摧枯拉朽、迅速发生的变革。
我唯一喜欢的革命是边际革命
在《新帕尔格雷夫经济学词典》(The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics)的“边际革命”词条中,Roger E. Backhouse表示,相比“革命”这个词所暗示的速度,经济理论的这次变化是一个更缓慢的过程:
There is disagreement over the extent to which the change should be described as a revolutionary or as an evolutionary change going back many decades...这种说法可能是来自经济思想史大师马克·布劳格(Mark Blaug),他在Economic theory in retrospect (p. 305)里写过:
对于这次变化应该在多大程度上应该被描述为几十年前的一次革命性的变化,或是一次演化性的变化,……,存在着分歧……
The ‘marginal revolution’, like the Industrial Revolution, went unrecognized by those who lived through it. The now standard version, which dates the revolution near 1871 and links together the names of Jevons, Menger and Walras as having written essentially about the same thing, was first announced by Walras in 1886 but for some time the Austrian accounts of the history of marginal-utility theory did not recognize Walras’ own claim as a pioneer. Most of the histories of economic thought published between the years 1870 and 1890 did not even mention marginal utility and no complete account of the theory appeared in any history of economic thought until after the turn of the century. Here was a revolution that was not generally admitted to have taken place until more than a generation after the event.
“边际革命”,就像工业革命一样,没有被那些生活在其中的人所认识。现在的标准版本(它将革命的日期定在1871 年附近,并将杰文斯、门格尔和瓦尔拉斯的名字联系在一起,因为他们基本上写的是同一件事)是由瓦尔拉斯于1886 年首次宣布的,但一段时间以来,奥地利学派经济学家们对边际效用理论历史的描述并未承认瓦尔拉斯将自己作为先驱的主张。1870年至1890年间出版的大多数经济思想史甚至都没有提到边际效用,直到世纪之交之后,任何经济思想史都没有出现对该理论的完整描述。这是这样一场革命,直到事件发生超过一代人之后,人们才普遍承认它发生了。
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